Like a chameleon, there is not a single definition. Net neutrality means different things to different communities, companies, and individuals. Based on such an elusive definition, the FCC Internet regulation debate is complex. From a simplistic perspective, net neutrality or network neutrality refers to how data packets on the Internet are moved.

Everything on the Internet involves packets. Information is sent from one computer to another computer via a network. The information is in the form of a file. The file is broken down into smaller pieces called packets. When the packets are received at their destination, the second computer, the packets are reassembled to create the file. Packets start as a complete file and end as a complete file. In transit, the packets of a file may be separated according to the best available route. Network efficiency determines how to balance the load across various pieces of equipment. A Web page or an email is created from a series of reassembled packets.

By one definition, net neutrality principle or philosophy refers to data packets being given equal treatment. Network Operators or Internet Service Providers should give equal treatment to all data packets that travel over their pipes regardless of content, destination or source.

By a second definition, net neutrality law refers to a potential FCC regulation of the Internets’ neutral network.

The FCC Internet regulation debate is complex considering the chameleon definition of net neutrality. It is a debate of how packets are transferred, whether or not Internet service providers have the right to impede or block traffic on their networks and who should regulate the US Internet growth, if regulation is necessary.

Essentially on side A, Internet carriers are interested in a two-tiered Internet service model. Basically, the carriers would like to charge owners of Web sites a premium fee for priority placement and faster speed across their pipes.

On the other hand, side B, holds the viewpoint that the Internet should maintain a traffic-neutral way. For example, network operators should not determine what information reaches its destination or slow the information from competitors. Side B splits into two branches, I will refer to as B1 and B2. Side B1 supporters favor regulation by the U.S. Government while Side B2 does not want the government involved. Side B2 supporters arguments vary from ‘Don’t fix it if it ain’t broken.’ to implementing a self-regulatory plan governed by an independent, private body.

Whether FCC Internet regulation will protect or disrupt Internet innovation and consumer choice is at the center of the net neutrality debate. Internet innovation and consumer choices are made possible by packets being treated equally.

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